Vassiliev, Alexei. 2000. The History of Saudi Arabia. New York: NYU Press.
Al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2010. A History of Saudi Arabia. 2nd edition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2006. Contesting the Saudi State: Islamic Voices from a New Generation. Cambridge University Press.
Al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2018. Salman’s Legacy: The Dilemmas of a New Era in Saudi Arabia. Oxford ; New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2021. The Son King: Reform and Repression in Saudi Arabia. London: Oxford University Press.
Vitalis, Robert. 2009. America’s Kingdom: Mythmaking on the Saudi Oil Frontier. Brooklyn: Verso Books.
Asad, Muhammad. 2000. The Road to Mecca. Eighth Edition, Eighth edition. Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae.
Lacey, Robert. 2010. Inside the Kingdom: Kings, Clerics, Modernists, Terrorists, and the Struggle for Saudi Arabia. Reprint edition. London: Penguin Books.
Lacroix, Stéphane. 2011. Awakening Islam: The Politics of Religious Dissent in Contemporary Saudi Arabia. Harvard University Press.
Al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2016. Muted Modernists: The Struggle over Divine Politics in Saudi Arabia. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
Le Renard, Amelie. 2014. A Society of Young Women: Opportunities of Place, Power, and Reform in Saudi Arabia. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Low, Michael Christopher. 2020. Imperial Mecca: Ottoman Arabia and the Indian Ocean Hajj. Columbia University Press.
Freitag, Ulrike. 2020. A History of Jeddah: The Gate to Mecca in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.